Subordinating conjunctions spark some confusion for some non-native writers of English. When using a subordinating conjunction at the beginning of a sentence, you do not need to use its coordinating equivalent after the comma. Take these examples:

  • Example 1: Although it was raining yesterday, but Billie still ran three laps around the neighborhood. → Although it was raining yesterday, Billie still ran three laps around the neighborhood.
  • Example 2: Since the last tax season already ended in April, so you should file for late tax returns. → Since the last tax season already ended in April, you should file for late tax returns.
  • Example 3: After we submitted the marketing proposal for a new campaign, and then we went out to dinner at our favorite pizza place. → After we submitted the marketing proposal for a new campaign, we went out to dinner at our favorite pizza place.

You would use a coordinating conjunction to link two independent clauses, but the subordinating clause cannot stand alone as its own sentence. Therefore, the correct move here would be to simply add a comma after the subordinating clause without a coordinating conjunction. You can also take out the subordinating conjunction instead of the coordinating conjunction as so:

  • Example 1: It was raining yesterday, but Billie still ran three laps around the neighborhood.
  • Example 2: The last tax season already ended in April, so you should file for late tax returns.
  • Example 3: We submitted the marketing proposal for a new campaign, and then we went out to dinner at our favorite pizza place.

Here are some common subordinating conjunctions so you can make sure to double-check the next time you use one.

  • after
  • although
  • as
  • as long as
  • as much as
  • as soon as
  • because
  • before
  • by the time
  • even if
  • even though
  • if only
  • in case
  • in order that
  • just as
  • in the event that
  • now that
  • once
  • only
  • only if
  • provided that
  • rather than
  • since
  • supposing
  • though
  • unless
  • until
  • when
  • whenever
  • whereas
  • wherever
  • whether or not
  • while

Engram’s AI proofreader can help you spot if you are using a subordinating conjunction with a coordinating conjunction incorrectly.

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