Subordinating conjunctions spark some confusion for some non-native writers of English. When using a subordinating conjunction at the beginning of a sentence, you do not need to use its coordinating equivalent after the comma. Take these examples:
- Example 1: Although it was raining yesterday, but Billie still ran three laps around the neighborhood. → Although it was raining yesterday, Billie still ran three laps around the neighborhood.
- Example 2: Since the last tax season already ended in April, so you should file for late tax returns. → Since the last tax season already ended in April, you should file for late tax returns.
- Example 3: After we submitted the marketing proposal for a new campaign, and then we went out to dinner at our favorite pizza place. → After we submitted the marketing proposal for a new campaign, we went out to dinner at our favorite pizza place.
You would use a coordinating conjunction to link two independent clauses, but the subordinating clause cannot stand alone as its own sentence. Therefore, the correct move here would be to simply add a comma after the subordinating clause without a coordinating conjunction. You can also take out the subordinating conjunction instead of the coordinating conjunction as so:
- Example 1: It was raining yesterday, but Billie still ran three laps around the neighborhood.
- Example 2: The last tax season already ended in April, so you should file for late tax returns.
- Example 3: We submitted the marketing proposal for a new campaign, and then we went out to dinner at our favorite pizza place.
Here are some common subordinating conjunctions so you can make sure to double-check the next time you use one.
- after
- although
- as
- as long as
- as much as
- as soon as
- because
- before
- by the time
- even if
- even though
- if only
- in case
- in order that
- just as
- in the event that
- now that
- once
- only
- only if
- provided that
- rather than
- since
- supposing
- though
- unless
- until
- when
- whenever
- whereas
- wherever
- whether or not
- while
Engram’s AI proofreader can help you spot if you are using a subordinating conjunction with a coordinating conjunction incorrectly.